What is
blood transfusion?
Blood transfusion involves giving blood to a patient via an
intravenous (IV) line.
Why is blood given?
Blood is given for several reasons, the most common being to add an
oxygen carrying substance (hemoglobin). Without hemoglobin, oxygen
cannot reach the cells of the body in sufficient amounts to support
life. The underlying illness and condition of the patient determine
whether the doctor needs to give blood. Critically ill or injured
patients frequently require blood transfusions even when obvious
blood loss is not apparent. Typically, these patients do not produce
blood normally and the blood cells have a shortened life span. In
addition, critically ill or injured patients require frequent blood
tests.
Why is blood red?
Blood is red due to the presence of a type of hemoglobin called
oxyhemoglobin. If the blood is red, it shows that the hemoglobin is
carrying adequate amounts of oxygen. If the color is blue, it
indicates that there is less oxygen in the blood.
Can blood from anyone be used for a
transfusion?
No, patients can only receive blood from someone whose blood is of
similar type. Humans have four types of blood, designated blood type
A, AB, B and O. In addition, there are two subtypes called the Rh
factor the Rh factor is either positive ( ) or negative (-). Blood
used for transfusions must have the same blood type.
Does a blood transfusion hurt?
Not usually.
Are there any potential complications
associated with blood transfusion?
Normally, blood transfusions are very safe. The most common problems
occurring during a blood transfusion are fever and chills. These are
usually minor and do not require the blood transfusion to be
stopped. Rarely, a transfusion will need to be stopped because a
severe transfusion reaction is suspected. Blood supplied for
transfusions undergoes substantial testing to prevent any diseases
from being transmitted. However, there is a very small chance that
blood can be contaminated with disease. The most commonly sited
diseases are viral - the hepatitis virus, which may cause liver
disease, and the HIV virus, which is responsible for causing AIDS.
Blood transfusions may cause immunosuppression (weakening of the
immune system) and thus place a patient at increased risk for
infections. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you have specific
questions.
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Blood transfusion bag |
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Blood Transfusion 
